One of the problems which prevent a correct or common comprehension of a fiction AND its precise analysis is the diversity which exists in understANDing AND using the common terms in fiction domain. Although most of these terms have been listed in dictionaries AND used by researchers, there is no unanimity about their usage. Due to this matter, distinction of fiction's elements AND the analysis of narratives confront some difficulties. In this paper we intend to revise one of the most common terms in narratology i.e. MOTIVE, focusing on dependent MOTIVE AND independent MOTIVE. Hence it is necessary to criticize the most important definitions in dictionaries for MOTIVE, to show their credibility AND the degree of their expressiveness AND to present our definitions. Also, all types of MOTIVEs in traditional Persian fictions will be categorized AND their four functions in narration will be explained. In our point of view, MOTIVE is a structural-semantic term that is related more to structural elements of a story than to its semantic aspects.

The public conscience of the society wants everyone to be equal before the criminal laws, but at the same time, there is a difference between two criminals, one who commits a crime with immoral MOTIVEs AND the other with moral AND honorable MOTIVEs; As in ethics, the value of the verb depends on the intention of the subject. Intention, like MOTIVE, gives power to the subject AND manages the direction of his behavior to reach the goal. In this way, the MOTIVE to commit a crime can be considered as an interaction between ethics AND criminal law. The legislator's approach to MOTIVE has not been without controversy AND challenge; Opponents AND supporters have always criticized this approach under the banner of "protecting ethics. The possibility of committing a crime with moral MOTIVEs on the one hAND AND criticizing the views of the opponents AND supporters of criminal law's attention to MOTIVE is the subject of this article. The result of the research is the conditional preference of the opinion of the supporters; Criminal law must be "verb-oriented" in the execution of the crime AND, except in the case of necessity, the moral or immoral MOTIVE of the perpetrator should not be given a role, but in the determination of punishments - which is entrusted to the ruler of the Islamic society - to choose the most appropriate punishment within the scope of his powers, considering the various dimensions of the criminal's personality AND including his MOTIVE.

Some verses AND hadiths involving the precepts are reasoned by ratiocinations which have been divided by the Islamic jurists into two categories called successively, real MOTIVE AND apparent MOTIVE. On the opposite of apparent MOTIVE, if something is considered as real MOTIVE, it will be generalizer AND restrictor of precept. In this paper, the authors have attempted to discover the basis of this classification, the concept AND the similar AND different characteristics of apparent MOTIVE AND real MOTIVE. It appears that the jurist has mental background due to the famous fatwa, specific hadiths AND the spirit of caution in the classification of ratiocinations into real MOTIVE AND apparent MOTIVE.

The purpose of the study was to delve into the role of self-knowledge procedures AND religious orientation in “character strength”. 315 students (227 male AND 88 female) were asked to fill in the following questionnaires: Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale (Qorbani et al 2008), The Measure of Mindfulness (Brown AND Ryan, 2003), The Revised Measure of Religious Orientation (Gorsuch AND McPherson's 1989), AND Values in Action Inventory, self-report questionnaire (Peterson 2004). The results revealed that there is positive correlation between character strength with integrative self-knowledge, mindfulness AND individual intrinsic-extrinsic religious orientation. Regression analysis indicated that integrative self-knowledge, among afore-mentioned variables, plays the most effective role in determining various character strengths, moreover, among all forms of religiosity, intrinsic orientation was the only form to determine variety of character strengths. After controlling self- knowing procedures (applying hierarchical regression), intrinsic religious orientation succeeded in determining great deal of behavioral capabilities.

Circumcision- the removal of some or the entire prepuce from the penis- is one of the most ancient AND preliterate practice but controversial on various grounds worldwide. Contradictory decisions on circumcision of a German court AND German parliament are recent evidence. Amazingly the medical scholars also seem divided AND have published various contra- studies about circumcision in prestigious journals. Mostly the controversy is based on religion. Because it is a religious obligation among Muslims AND Jews while objectionable in all other major religions. Therefore in near future, no single opinion is expected.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to translate AND report the psychometric indices of a Persian version of the original MUT that consists of 99-items, 24 subscales. This study has investigated the role of motivations in predicting well-being. Method: Research method was correlational AND the statistical population included all Iranian female AND male above 18 years old in the 2020 year. 595 adult Iranians completed an online version of the MUT, a demographic form, adaptive basic Glasser needs inventory AND WHO-5 questionnaire through available sampling method. Results: The Face AND content validity of the MUT was investigated based on the opinions of experts in basic needs AND motivations science. Cronbach’s Alphas for the main 4 scales were affiliation α=. 79,power α=. 71,achievement α=. 67,AND freedom α= 0. 83. The MUT factor construct validity was confirmed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA): 56= df /x2؛ RMSEA=. 05؛ IFI=. 91؛ CFI=. 91؛ GFI=0. 7 indices confirmed the fitness of the data for CFA. Convergent Validity was calculated with the Glasser Needs Questionnaire. Conclusion: To conclude, (a) the MUT has justifiability of the study were confirmed. MUT has good psychometric properties AND can be used for research AND clinical interventions with Iranian people. Based on the findings, achievement AND freedom MOTIVEs were the most important predictor of well-being.